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{{Infobox software | |||
| name = LHC@home | |||
| logo = LHC@home_logo.png | |||
| logo caption = LHC@home project logo | |||
| screenshot = [email protected] | |||
| caption = LHC@home SixTrack screensaver | |||
[https://lhcathome.cern.ch/lhcathome/ '''''LHC@home'''''] is a | | status = Active | ||
== Wikipedia page== | | category = Particle physics | ||
| compute = CPU & GPU | |||
| dependencies = [[wikipedia:VirtualBox|VirtualBox]] (for most applications), Docker (optional for Theory tasks) | |||
| developer = [[wikipedia:CERN|CERN]] | |||
| author = Ben Segal and François Grey (founders); Frank Schmidt (SixTrack) | |||
| sponsor = CERN | |||
| maintainer = LHC@home team | |||
| released = {{Start date and age|2004|09|01}} | |||
| repository = {{URL|https://github.com/cern-it}} | |||
| programming language = C, C++, Python, Fortran | |||
| operating system = Windows, Linux, macOS | |||
| size = Varies by application | |||
| stats as of = {{Start date and age|2026|05|21}} | |||
| average performance = 52 TFLOPS | |||
| active users = 1,260 | |||
| total users = 178,244 | |||
| active hosts = 3,633 | |||
| total hosts = 577,548 | |||
| website = {{URL|https://lhcathome.cern.ch/lhcathome/}} | |||
| license = Mixed free software licenses | |||
}} | |||
[https://lhcathome.cern.ch/lhcathome/ '''''LHC@home'''''] is a '''[[wikipedia:Volunteer computing|volunteer computing]]''' project operated by [[wikipedia:CERN|CERN]] using the [[wikipedia:Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing|BOINC]] platform. The project invites volunteers worldwide to donate spare CPU and GPU cycles on their personal computers to help physicists run computationally intensive simulations related to the [[wikipedia:Large Hadron Collider|Large Hadron Collider]] (LHC) and its experiments.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://lhcathome.web.cern.ch/ |title=LHC@home information portal |publisher=CERN |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> As of May 2026, LHC@home counts more than 178,000 registered users and 577,000 participating hosts, collectively delivering around 52 [[wikipedia:FLOPS|teraFLOPS]] of computing power.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://lhcathome.cern.ch/lhcathome/server_status.php |title=LHC@home server status |publisher=CERN |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> | |||
== Wikipedia page == | |||
[[wikipedia:LHC@home|LHC@home]] | [[wikipedia:LHC@home|LHC@home]] | ||
== History == | |||
=== Origins === | |||
[[File:CERN LHC.jpg|thumb|The [[wikipedia:Large Hadron Collider|Large Hadron Collider]] tunnel at CERN, near Geneva, Switzerland]] | |||
LHC@home was conceived in 2004 by Ben Segal and François Grey, both then members of CERN's IT Department, as an outreach activity for CERN's 50th anniversary celebrations.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://lhcathome.web.cern.ch/about/history |title=History of LHC@home |publisher=CERN |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> Grey had been an early volunteer for SETI@home and recognised that a similar model could engage the public in the computational challenges facing the LHC. He and Segal contacted David Anderson at the University of California, Berkeley, who was at that time developing BOINC as an open platform to generalise the SETI@home approach.<ref name="history">{{Cite web |url=https://lhcathome.web.cern.ch/about/history |title=History of LHC@home |publisher=CERN |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> | |||
The application chosen for the launch was ''SixTrack'', a particle tracking code that had already been ported to Windows by CERN's Accelerators and Beams group and was in active use for beam dynamics studies. Since over 90% of BOINC volunteers at the time ran Windows machines, this was an ideal fit.<ref name="history" /> | |||
=== Launch and early growth === | |||
LHC@home opened on 1 September 2004 as a beta test. Within 24 hours more than 1,000 participants had signed up, and over 7,000 had joined by the end of the first week, overwhelming the project's initial server capacity.<ref name="history" /> What had been planned as a three-month anniversary event proved so popular with CERN's accelerator physicists that the decision was taken to make it a permanent facility.<ref name="history" /> | |||
Before LHC@home existed, SixTrack was run only on desktop computers at CERN using a proprietary tool called the Compact Physics Screen Saver (CPSS). The BOINC-powered platform opened the simulations to volunteers worldwide and delivered unprecedented computing capacity for accelerator beam tracking studies.<ref name="history" /> | |||
=== Expansion through virtualisation === | |||
The project remained centred on SixTrack until 2011, when virtualisation technology was introduced to allow high-energy-physics (HEP) software from the LHC experiments to run on volunteer machines. Because each experiment's software stack is large, constantly updated, and built for Linux, direct porting was impractical.<ref>{{Cite journal |author=Barranco, J. et al. |title=LHC@Home: a BOINC-based volunteer computing infrastructure for physics studies at CERN |journal=Open Engineering |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=379–393 |year=2017 |doi=10.1515/eng-2017-0042}}</ref> The solution was CernVM, a compact Linux virtual machine developed at CERN beginning in 2008, which allowed experiment code to run inside a lightweight virtual environment on volunteer Windows, macOS, or Linux hosts. The ''Test4Theory'' application, launched in 2011, was the first BOINC project anywhere to use virtual machine technology.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://lhcathome.web.cern.ch/projects/test4theory |title=Test4Theory |publisher=CERN |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> | |||
Over time, the platform evolved further. Applications began using Docker containers and the CVMFS (CernVM File System) to deliver application software on demand, reducing the size of the base virtual machine image to around 20 MB.<ref name="barranco2017">{{Cite journal |author=Barranco, J. et al. |title=LHC@Home: a BOINC-based volunteer computing infrastructure for physics studies at CERN |journal=Open Engineering |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=379–393 |year=2017 |doi=10.1515/eng-2017-0042}}</ref> A substantial portion of contributed computing capacity also now comes from opportunistic backfill from data centres with spare capacity, supplementing individual volunteers.<ref>{{Cite journal |author=Cameron, D. et al. |title=All grown-up; 18 years of LHC@home |journal=EPJ Web of Conferences |volume=295 |pages=04004 |year=2024 |doi=10.1051/epjconf/202429504004}}</ref> | |||
== Goal == | == Goal == | ||
The primary goal of LHC@home is to provide CERN physicists with additional computing capacity for simulations that cannot be handled solely by the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid or CERN's own batch clusters.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://lhcathome.web.cern.ch/ |title=Welcome to LHC@home |publisher=CERN |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> These simulations are computationally intensive but involve small data sets, making them well suited to volunteer computing. | |||
Project objectives include: | |||
== Project | * Studying the long-term dynamic aperture and stability of particle beams inside the LHC | ||
CERN | * Running Monte Carlo detector simulations for the ATLAS and CMS experiments | ||
* Simulating high-energy particle collisions to compare theoretical predictions with experimental measurements | |||
* Supporting research into dark matter, antimatter asymmetry, and fundamental particles | |||
* Preparing beam dynamics simulations for the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) upgrade | |||
== Applications == | |||
=== SixTrack === | |||
[[File:CERN ATLAS Detector.jpg|thumb|The [[wikipedia:ATLAS experiment|ATLAS]] particle detector at CERN]] | |||
''SixTrack'' is the original LHC@home application and the longest-running BOINC application at CERN. It was developed by Frank Schmidt of CERN's Accelerators and Beams Department and performs multi-turn symplectic tracking of proton trajectories through the magnetic lattice of the LHC.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://lhcathome.web.cern.ch/projects/sixtrack |title=SixTrack |publisher=CERN |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> | |||
The central quantity SixTrack evaluates is the '''dynamic aperture''' (DA), defined as the boundary in transverse phase space within which particle orbits remain stable over a large number of turns. Because no analytic theory can predict the long-term behaviour of particles in the strongly nonlinear magnetic fields of the LHC with sufficient accuracy, the DA must be determined numerically. Each volunteer's computer tracks hundreds of particles step by step through the thousands of LHC magnets for up to one million turns and checks whether each particle remains confined or escapes its orbit.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://lhcathome.web.cern.ch/projects/sixtrack/sixtrack-and-numerical-simulations |title=SixTrack and numerical simulations |publisher=CERN |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> | |||
In simplified terms, the transverse motion of a proton in a circular accelerator can be described by the Courant-Snyder (Twiss) parameterisation. The betatron oscillation amplitude in the horizontal plane is related to the action variable <math>J_x</math> by: | |||
:<math>x = \sqrt{2 \beta_x J_x} \cos(\phi_x)</math> | |||
where <math>\beta_x</math> is the local beta function and <math>\phi_x</math> is the betatron phase. SixTrack tracks particles in six-dimensional phase space <math>(x, p_x, y, p_y, \sigma, \delta)</math>, accounting for the longitudinal coordinate <math>\sigma</math> and relative momentum deviation <math>\delta = \Delta p / p_0</math>, using a symplectic thin-lens element-by-element map through each magnet.<ref name="barranco2017" /> The dynamic aperture is then reported as the minimum stable amplitude, expressed in units of the RMS beam size <math>\sigma_{\text{beam}}</math>. | |||
Each SixTrack work unit is submitted at least twice to two different volunteer hosts and results are cross-validated to eliminate hardware-induced numerical errors. Peaks of over 350,000 simultaneously running tasks on 24,000 hosts have been recorded during intensive simulation campaigns.<ref name="ceurws">{{Cite web |url=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1973/paper02.pdf |title=LHC@Home: A Volunteer computing system for Massive Numerical Simulations of Beam Dynamics and High Energy Physics Events |year=2017 |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> | |||
Lyn Evans, head of the LHC project during its construction, stated that the results from SixTrack were genuinely making a difference, providing new insights into how the LHC would perform.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LHC@home |title=LHC@home |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> SixTrack results played an essential role in the design of stable beam conditions for the LHC, and the application continues to be used for simulations relevant to the High-Luminosity LHC upgrade.<ref name="history" /> | |||
=== ATLAS@home === | |||
The ''ATLAS@home'' application allows volunteers to run detector simulations for the [[wikipedia:ATLAS experiment|ATLAS experiment]], one of the two general-purpose particle detectors at the LHC.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://lhcathome.web.cern.ch/projects/atlas |title=ATLAS@home |publisher=CERN |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> | |||
ATLAS tasks use CernVM virtualisation and the CVMFS file system to deliver the ATLAS software environment to volunteer machines. Simulations include the creation and decay of hypothetical supersymmetric bosons and fermions as well as Standard Model processes required for background studies. | |||
=== CMS@home === | |||
''CMS@home'' supports Monte Carlo detector simulations for the [[wikipedia:Compact Muon Solenoid|Compact Muon Solenoid]] (CMS) experiment.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://lhcathome.web.cern.ch/projects/cms |title=CMS@Home |publisher=CERN |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> | |||
CMS tasks process full detector simulation and event reconstruction workloads. Integration between CMS@home and the CMS global submission infrastructure was described in detail in a 2018 publication by Field et al., which demonstrated how volunteer cloud computing could be transparently merged with high-throughput computing workflows.<ref>{{Cite journal |author=Field, L., Spiga, D., Reid, I., Riahi, H. and Cristella, L. |title=CMS@home: Integrating the Volunteer Cloud and High-Throughput Computing |journal=Computing and Software for Big Science |volume=2 |year=2018 |doi=10.1007/s41781-018-0006-z}}</ref> | |||
=== Test4Theory (Theory) === | |||
[[File:CMS station.jpg|thumb|The [[wikipedia:Compact Muon Solenoid|CMS]] detector]] | |||
''Test4Theory'', now simply called the Theory application, was launched on 1 August 2011 and was the first BOINC project in the world to run applications inside a virtual machine.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://lhcathome.web.cern.ch/projects/test4theory |title=Test4Theory |publisher=CERN |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> Volunteers run theoretical [[wikipedia:Monte Carlo method|Monte Carlo]] simulations of high-energy proton collisions using models based on the Standard Model of particle physics. Results feed into the MCPLOTS database, a publicly accessible repository that allows both experimental and theoretical physicists to compare Monte Carlo generator predictions against existing measurements from accelerator experiments.<ref>{{Cite journal |author=Karneyeu, A., Mijovic, L., Prestel, S. and Skands, P.Z. |title=MCPLOTS: a particle physics resource based on volunteer computing |journal=European Physical Journal C |volume=74 |year=2014 |doi=10.1140/epjc/s10052-014-2714-9}}</ref> | |||
In March 2018 the Theory application passed the milestone of four trillion simulated collision events, and by September 2023 it had surpassed six trillion events.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://lhcathome.cern.ch/lhcathome/ |title=LHC@home news |publisher=CERN |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> | |||
=== Beauty (LHCb) === | |||
The ''Beauty'' application studied the decay properties of beauty (bottom) quarks and CP violation, or matter-antimatter asymmetry, relevant to the [[wikipedia:LHCb experiment|LHCb experiment]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://lhcathome.web.cern.ch/projects/beauty |title=Beauty |publisher=CERN |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> Volunteer submission for LHCb workloads was paused indefinitely in November 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://lhcathome.cern.ch/lhcathome/forum_thread.php?id=4853 |title=Pausing Submission of LHCb Applications |publisher=CERN |date=2018-11-19 |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> | |||
=== Xtrack / Xsuite === | |||
''Xtrack'', part of the broader ''Xsuite'' modular beam dynamics framework, is a next-generation replacement for SixTrack currently in testing on the BOINC platform.<ref>{{Cite journal |author=Cameron, D. et al. |title=All grown-up; 18 years of LHC@home |journal=EPJ Web of Conferences |volume=295 |pages=04004 |year=2024 |doi=10.1051/epjconf/202429504004}}</ref> Unlike SixTrack, Xtrack can also run on GPUs, potentially giving LHC@home access to a much broader range of volunteer hardware. A wider variety of beam simulations can be submitted through the Xtrack framework, and it is expected to become the principal beam dynamics application for the HL-LHC era.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://indico.jlab.org/event/459/papers/11509/files/1304-All_grown_up__18_years_of_LHC_home-rev3.pdf |title=All grown-up; 18 years of LHC@home (CHEP 2023 paper) |year=2023 |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> | |||
== Technology == | |||
LHC@home uses the BOINC middleware platform originally developed at the [[wikipedia:University of California, Berkeley|University of California, Berkeley]] to power SETI@home.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://boinc.berkeley.edu/ |title=BOINC |publisher=University of California, Berkeley |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> CERN's BOINC server software is maintained by Laurence Field and a dedicated team at CERN, who have integrated the volunteer computing service with other CERN batch and grid computing infrastructure, notably HTCondor, for unified job submission and accounting.<ref>{{Cite journal |author=Cameron, D., Field, L., Giannakis, N. and Høimyr, N. |title=Extending CERN computing to volunteers: LHC@home consolidation and outlook |journal=EPJ Web of Conferences |volume=214 |pages=03016 |year=2019 |doi=10.1051/epjconf/201921403016}}</ref> | |||
Key infrastructure components include: | |||
* '''CernVM''': a compact Linux virtual machine (~20 MB base image) developed at CERN, used as the execution environment for virtualised applications. Application-specific software is streamed on demand via CVMFS rather than bundled in the image.<ref name="barranco2017" /> | |||
* '''VirtualBox''': the local hypervisor used to run CernVM on volunteer Windows, macOS, and Linux machines for the ATLAS, CMS, and Theory applications. | |||
* '''Docker containers''': used alongside or in place of VirtualBox for some Theory workloads. | |||
* '''CVMFS (CernVM File System)''': a content delivery network that streams experiment software to volunteer machines without requiring large local installations.<ref name="barranco2017" /> | |||
SixTrack is a native application and does not require virtualisation, making it accessible to volunteers with simpler hardware configurations. The BOINC client also supports task replication: each SixTrack work unit is run on at least two independent hosts and results are compared to guard against hardware-induced floating-point errors, an approach that has made LHC@home a valuable tool for investigating numerical reproducibility across diverse computing architectures.<ref name="barranco2017" /> | |||
Many virtualised workloads require several gigabytes of disk space and memory. GPU support is being introduced through the Xtrack application. | |||
== Team and administration == | |||
LHC@home was founded at CERN by Ben Segal and François Grey. The original SixTrack application was authored by Frank Schmidt of CERN's Accelerators and Beams Physics Group. Massimo Giovannozzi, also of that group, has contributed to the interpretation of SixTrack results for understanding particle dynamics in the LHC.<ref name="history" /> Igor Zacharov of the Particle Accelerator Physics Laboratory (LPAP) at EPFL has provided BOINC integration support for SixTrack.<ref name="history" /> | |||
Laurence Field leads the team at CERN responsible for maintaining the BOINC server software and integrating the volunteer computing service with CERN's wider computing infrastructure.<ref>{{Cite journal |author=Cameron, D., Field, L., Giannakis, N. and Høimyr, N. |title=Extending CERN computing to volunteers: LHC@home consolidation and outlook |journal=EPJ Web of Conferences |volume=214 |pages=03016 |year=2019 |doi=10.1051/epjconf/201921403016}}</ref> Other contributors to recent LHC@home papers include David Cameron, Nils Høimyr, Frederik Van der Veken, and Ben Segal.<ref>{{Cite journal |author=Cameron, D. et al. |title=All grown-up; 18 years of LHC@home |journal=EPJ Web of Conferences |volume=295 |pages=04004 |year=2024 |doi=10.1051/epjconf/202429504004}}</ref> | |||
== Scientific impact == | |||
Thanks to computing power contributed by volunteers, numerous accelerator beam physics studies have been carried out, yielding improved understanding of charged particle dynamics in the LHC and its planned upgrades.<ref name="barranco2017" /> In particular: | |||
* SixTrack results were essential during the design of the LHC to establish magnet quality tolerances and safe beam conditions, ensuring beams would remain stable rather than fly off course into the vacuum pipe walls.<ref name="history" /> | |||
* Simulation campaigns during 2008-2010 used real magnetic measurement data from LHC tunnel installations to build more realistic tracking models, leading to better understanding of beam-beam interactions at collision points.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://lhcathome.web.cern.ch/projects/sixtrack |title=SixTrack |publisher=CERN |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> | |||
* The Theory application's Monte Carlo event database at MCPLOTS serves as a shared resource for experimental and theoretical physicists working on LHC analyses as well as earlier accelerator experiments.<ref>{{Cite journal |author=Karneyeu, A. et al. |title=MCPLOTS: a particle physics resource based on volunteer computing |journal=European Physical Journal C |volume=74 |year=2014 |doi=10.1140/epjc/s10052-014-2714-9}}</ref> | |||
* Volunteer computing resources supplement the [[wikipedia:Worldwide LHC Computing Grid|Worldwide LHC Computing Grid]] for simulation workloads, which were difficult to accommodate within CERN's fully loaded batch clusters.<ref name="ceurws" /> | |||
The project hosted the first ''Pan-Galactic BOINC Workshop'' at CERN in 2005, with two further workshops organised jointly with the University of Geneva in 2006 and 2007, fostering collaboration among BOINC developers, scientists, and volunteers.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://indico.jlab.org/event/459/papers/11509/files/1304-All_grown_up__18_years_of_LHC_home-rev3.pdf |title=All grown-up; 18 years of LHC@home (CHEP 2023 paper) |year=2023 |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> | |||
== Project statistics == | |||
As of May 2026, LHC@home reports the following statistics:<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://lhcathome.cern.ch/lhcathome/server_status.php |title=LHC@home server status |publisher=CERN |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> | |||
* Over 178,000 registered users | |||
* More than 577,000 participating hosts | |||
* Approximately 1,260 active users on around 3,633 active hosts | |||
* Combined computing performance of approximately 52 TFLOPS | |||
== Community == | |||
LHC@home maintains active message boards on its BOINC portal where volunteers discuss workunit availability, virtualisation setup, troubleshooting, and scientific background.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://lhcathome.cern.ch/lhcathome/forum_index.php |title=LHC@home forums |publisher=CERN |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> Community discussions on Reddit and external BOINC forums frequently cover VirtualBox compatibility issues, Docker container behaviour, Linux configuration, and long-running Theory tasks.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.reddit.com/r/BOINC/ |title=r/BOINC |website=Reddit |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> | |||
== Scientific publications == | == Scientific publications == | ||
https://boinc.berkeley.edu/pubs.php | |||
The following peer-reviewed publications are directly associated with LHC@home and its applications. A full list of papers arising from BOINC projects is maintained at {{URL|https://boinc.berkeley.edu/pubs.php}}. | |||
* Barranco, J. et al. "LHC@Home: a BOINC-based volunteer computing infrastructure for physics studies at CERN." ''Open Engineering'' 7(1): 379-393 (2017). DOI: 10.1515/eng-2017-0042. | |||
* Cameron, D., Field, L., Giannakis, N. and Høimyr, N. "Extending CERN computing to volunteers: LHC@home consolidation and outlook." ''EPJ Web of Conferences'' 214: 03016 (2019). DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201921403016. | |||
* Cameron, D. et al. "All grown-up; 18 years of LHC@home." ''EPJ Web of Conferences'' 295: 04004 (2024). DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202429504004. | |||
* Karneyeu, A., Mijovic, L., Prestel, S. and Skands, P.Z. "MCPLOTS: a particle physics resource based on volunteer computing." ''European Physical Journal C'' 74: 2714 (2014). DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-014-2714-9. | |||
* Field, L., Spiga, D., Reid, I., Riahi, H. and Cristella, L. "CMS@home: Integrating the Volunteer Cloud and High-Throughput Computing." ''Computing and Software for Big Science'' 2 (2018). DOI: 10.1007/s41781-018-0006-z. | |||
* Dykstra, D., Bockelman, B., Blomer, J. and Field, L. "The Open High Throughput Computing Content Delivery Network." ''EPJ Web of Conferences'' 214: 04023 (2019). DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201921404023. | |||
* Anderson, D.P. "BOINC: A platform for volunteer computing." ''Journal of Grid Computing'' 18(1): 99-122 (2020). DOI: 10.1007/s10723-019-09497-9. | |||
== See also == | |||
* [[wikipedia:BOINC|BOINC]] | |||
* [[wikipedia:CERN|CERN]] | |||
* [[wikipedia:Large Hadron Collider|Large Hadron Collider]] | |||
* [[wikipedia:ATLAS experiment|ATLAS experiment]] | |||
* [[wikipedia:Compact Muon Solenoid|Compact Muon Solenoid]] | |||
* [[wikipedia:LHCb experiment|LHCb experiment]] | |||
* [[wikipedia:Volunteer computing|Volunteer computing]] | |||
* [[wikipedia:Worldwide LHC Computing Grid|Worldwide LHC Computing Grid]] | |||
[[File:[email protected]|alt=LHC@home SixTrack 4.67 Screensaver|thumb|'''LHC@home''' SixTrack screensaver]] | |||
== External links == | |||
* [https://lhcathome.cern.ch/lhcathome/ Official LHC@home BOINC portal] | |||
* [https://lhcathome.web.cern.ch/ LHC@home information portal] | |||
* [https://lhcathome.cern.ch/lhcathome/server_status.php Server status] | |||
* [https://lhcathome.web.cern.ch/projects/sixtrack/publications-presentations SixTrack publications and presentations] | |||
* [https://boinc.berkeley.edu/pubs.php BOINC project publications list] | |||
* [https://boinc.berkeley.edu/ BOINC] | |||
== References == | |||
{{Reflist}} | |||
[[Category:BOINC projects]] | |||
[[Category:Volunteer computing]] | |||
[[Category:CERN]] | |||
[[Category:Particle physics]] | |||
[[Category:Distributed computing projects]] | |||
[[Category:2004 establishments]] | |||